Audyssey;
Games Accessible to the Blind
Issue 37: Second Quarter, 2003
Edited by Michael Feir

Fun, Friendship, Knowledge, Charity

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Welcome
Welcome to the thirty-seventh issue of Audyssey. This magazine is dedicated to the discussion of games which, through accident or design, are accessible to the blind either with or without sighted assistance.

This issue has a healthy amount of news from game developers as well as some interesting discussions which took place over the last quarter. There are also articles looking at game difficulty as well as replay value.

Note: This magazine uses plus-signs as navigation markers. Three plus-signs are placed above any articles or sections. Within these sections, two plus-signs denote the start of a new sub-section. Smaller divisions are marked by a single plus-sign. This allows people to use their search capabilities to go quickly to the next division they are interested in. For instance, the "Letters" section is preceded by three plus-signs. Each letter within it has two plus-signs before it. Answers to letters have a single plus-sign before them.

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Distribution Information and Submission Policies
This magazine is published on a quarterly basis, each issue appearing no earlier than the fifteenth of the publication month for its quarter. All submissions to be published in an issue must be in my possession a minimum of two days before the issue is published. I use MS-Word to produce Audyssey, and can therefore accept submissions in pretty much any format. They may be sent either on a 3.5-inch floppy disk, or via e-mail to:
mfeir@cogeco.ca
I will give my home address at the end of the magazine.
Please write articles and letters about games or game-related
topics which interest you. They will likely interest me, and your fellow readers. This magazine should and can be a 
highly interesting and qualitative look at accessible gaming. To insure that high quality is maintained, I'll need your 
written contributions. I reserve the right to unilaterally make changes to submissions if I deem it necessary to improve them 
grammatically or enhance their understand ability. I will never make changes which will alter the spirit of a submission. 
All submissions must be in English. However, people need not be great writers to have their work appear in Audyssey. 
Many of our community come from different countries. Others are quite young. Where possible, I try to preserve their 
different styles of expression. The richness that this adds to the Audyssey experience far outweighs any benefits 
gained from having everything in prose so perfect as to be devoid of life. Audyssey is a community and magazine built 
on the need for blind people to have fun. There are no formal structural requirements for submissions. Within reason, 
they may be as long as necessary. Game reviews should all clearly state who created the game being examined, where it 
can be obtained, whether it can be played without sighted assistance, and any system requirements or other critical 
information. Although profanity is by no means banned, it should not be used gratuitously. Submissions not published 
in a current issue will be reserved for possible use in future issues if appropriate. Those who are on the Audyssey 
discussion list should be aware that I often put materials from the list in the "Letters" section if I feel that they warrant it. Anything posted to this discussion list that in some way stands out from the common and often lively ongoing 
discourse will be considered fair game for publishing unless it contains the author's wish that it not be published.

This magazine is free in its electronic form, and will always remain so. Due to a lack of demand, PCS Games is no longer making Audyssey available on disk. I'm writing this magazine as much 	
for my own interest as for everyone else's. Your articles, reviews, and letters, as well as any games you might care to send me are what I'm after.

Accessible Game developers should be aware that I very much appreciate receiving copies of their games for review purposes. Many developers have treated my wife and I to free copies of their games purely to thank me for my extensive efforts in keeping Audyssey Magazine alive and well. I sincerely hope this continues as it makes it all far more worth-while for me to continue working on Audyssey and for my wife to tolerate the time and energy I put into the magazine. For the record, my policy on this is as follows:

I will review any free full version game that I am sent as fairly and thoroughly as I can. Also, if developers wish and are able to, they can provide a single registration key or unlocking code to be used by Audyssey staff and/or reviewers chosen by me from people who have written material for Audyssey. Another benefit of sending me free full copies of your games is that I can demonstrate them to interested people and/or special interest groups when opportunities for this present themselves. Whether or not these games are of particular interest to me, I pledge to learn to play them as competently as those games which I am partial to so that I can facilitate their demonstration and enjoyment for others. I will never give out full game copies unless you specifically offer me free full copies for distribution to one or more people in such groups. I may, however, assemble CDs containing game demos to share with such groups. If any developers do not want their demos to be given via CD during such presentations, please inform me of your wishes in this matter. Where time permits, I’ll attempt to keep all developers informed of any opportunities which emerge for me to be an ambassador for accessible games. Whether or not developers choose to send free full copies of games is entirely up to them. If they do not, I will use a game demo to form my opinions of the game and write a review in Audyssey Magazine. My time is limited, and I will give priority to free full games that I receive. However, developers need not fear that I will treat their games more harshly or abuse my editorial powers if they choose not to send full copies. I believe I’ve written reviews for long enough that developers will have a good idea of my sense of fairness in this. For an example of a review of a demo game, see my comments on ESPSoftworks’s Change Reaction in issue 35. 

For people who need help with games, send any games, articles, letters, or reviews via E-mail, or on a 3.5-inch disk in a self-addressed mailer so that I can return your disk or disks to you once I have copied their contents onto my hard drive. 
Please only send shareware or freeware games. It is illegal to send commercial games unless you are their creator or have  obtained permission to do so. By sending me games, you will do several things: first, and most obviously, you will earn my gratitude. You will also insure that the games you send me are made available to my readership as a whole. As a
further incentive, I will fill any disks you send me with games
from my collection. No disk will be returned empty. If you want
specific games, or specific types of games, send a message in ASCII format along. If you have a particular game that you need help with, and you are sending your questions on a disk anyhow, include the game so that I can try and get past  your difficulty. If you can, I recommend that you send e-mail. I can send and receive attachments with ease. This way, no money will be wasted sending me a game I already have, and
you'll get my reply more quickly. You are responsible for shipping costs. That means, either use a disk mailer which has  your address on it, and is either free matter for the blind, or is properly stamped. I can and will gladly spare time to share 
games and my knowledge of them, but cannot currently spare money above what I spend hunting for new games.

I encourage all my readers to give my magazine to whoever they think will appreciate it. Up-load it onto web pages and bulletin board systems. Copy it on disk for people, or print it out for sighted people who may find it of value. The larger 
our community gets, the more self-sustaining it will become.

There are now several ways of obtaining Audyssey. Thanks to the generous support of Monarch, Your PC1Source LLC., Audyssey Magazine now has an official home on the Web. All previous issues of Audyssey can be obtained from there in several different formats. LVG makes Audyssey available in MS-Word and PDF formats. There efforts on our behalf are very much appreciated. Visitors may take advantage of a growing amount of content as well as submit material. Check it out at:
www.audysseymagazine.org

Those who want to receive issues of Audyssey as they are published should send a blank E-mail to:
Audysub-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
    
The Audyssey discussion list facilitates discussion about games 
accessible to the blind between the publication of issues of Audyssey. All are welcome as long as they respect their fellow community members and keep in mind that the topic of the list is supposed to be games. Other topics are allowed within reason as long as they don't begin to monopolize the list traffic for too long. Newcomers should be advised that 
traffic is frequently fairly heavy. To help those who are swamped with E-mail cope with this, there is a digest mode available which sends one large E-mail per day containing the day's traffic. Anyone participating in the discussion list will have issues of Audyssey automatically sent to them via E-mail. Representatives from all major developers of games for the blind are actively participating on the list. All staff members of Audyssey are also encouraged to participate on the discussion list. There are two moderators keeping things civil and orderly. Be certain to read the Audyssey Community Charter as all list members are expected to follow its rules. If you want an active role in shaping the future of accessible games, this is where you can dive right in. To subscribe to this discussion list, send a blank message to:
blindgamers-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
To post messages to the list, send them to:
blindgamers@yahoogroups.com
Should you wish to unsubscribe, send a blank message to:
Blindgamers-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
To change your subscription to digest mode so that you only receive one message per day, send a blank message to:
Blindgamers-digest@yahoogroups.com
To go back to receiving individual messages, send a blank message to:
Blindgamers-normal@yahoogroups.com
There are more options at your disposal. To find out about them, send a blank message to:
Blindgamers-help@yahoogroups.com


Stan Bobbitt has made Audyssey Magazine available in HTML format for easy on-line browsing. To take advantage of this, you are invited to visit our home-page. People can easily and quickly navigate through the various articles and reviews, and directly download or visit the sites of the games that interest them. This will be of especial benefit for sighted people who wish to make use of Audyssey and/or join the growing community surrounding it. The Audyssey community thanks Mr. Bobbitt for his continued 
efforts on its behalf in this matter.

You can also find all issues of Audyssey on the Internet on Paul Henrichsen's web site at:
www.henrichsen.org
J.J. Meddaugh has long been famous in the Audyssey community. He has now started his own web-site called The Blind Community. All issues of Audyssey are there in zipped files in the file centre.

Another site has recently added Audyssey issues to its resources. We welcome:
www.blindhelp.com
to the Audyssey community and hope that visitors to this site find our resource to be of value to them.
If you have ftp access, all issues are also available at Travis Siegel's ftp site:
ftp://ftp.softcon.com
Look in the /magazines directory.




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Contents:
Welcome
Distribution Information and Submission Policies
Contents
From The Editor
Letters
Accessible Online Multi-Player Gaming
Handheld Fun
Enchantment’s Twilight Development Diary: Part III
Adaptive Techniques in Difficulty Management
Free Game Winner
News From BSC Games
News From ESP Softworks
News From GMA Games
Update on Robison Bryan's Audio Adventure Game Engine
News From PCS
Play it Again, Sam!
Game Announcements and Reviews
Contacting Us



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From The Editor:

Hello to all my readers new and old. It’s been quite an interesting three months. Some new games have been released, and you’ll be learning all about those later on in this issue. What really stands out in this issue, however,  is news of what’s being worked on and some very interesting thinking going on in the minds of our community members. I wish I could have given you ten times the glimpse into the fantastic discussions which went on. Heavy topics like game piracy, advertising techniques, and the kinds of games people want which have yet to be made were all taken up eagerly. Game developers are doing a great job participating in these discussions when they’re able. It seems that the community has a good intelligence network. A major event occurred when information arrived concerning a beta-testing version of a demo of GMA Tank Commander. Dave tells me he didn’t exactly plan on so many people getting their hands on that, but is very pleased at how things turned out. People pounced on and devoured it as if it were the only cup of water on a desert planet. There can be little doubt that the full game when it’s actually ready will be successful on a large scale. I’m going to hold off reviewing the game until that point, but that doesn’t stop anybody from doing a review of the demo.

On that note, we can always use more articles and reviews. I can only make issues as good as this one when I’m given lots of material. In particular, interactive fiction suffers from a lack of coverage. To any text adventurers out there, I’d very much appreciate it if you could review the games you’ve been playing. Also, even the popular sound-based games like Dynaman had no reviews of them sent in for use in Audyssey. It’ll be a far better resource for people if there are more opinions about these games for them to read. Also, it’ll be more interesting for me to put these issues together. Game developers and I already know what I think of games. What I and they want to know is what you, their customers and fans, think of their efforts. Prospective newcomers need a better sampling of what people think of a game they may be thinking of trying. Let’s give it to them, folks.

Unfortunately, we’ve lost one of our most ardent supporters from the early days of the Audyssey community. Guy Vermeulen has apparently passed away. When things were slowly getting started as word of Audyssey and accessible games spread, he was always willing to share his thoughts on games as well as what was happening in the growing community. He always demonstrated a caring and thoughtfulness that made him a superb role model for all members. When discussions got hot-tempered, he kept his cool and helped others, myself included to see the value in this. Along with his friend Hugo, Guy also helped organise and start the popular Mach 1 races which take advantage of Jim Kitchen’s free racing game. He was keenly looking forward to James North’s ESP Raceway which he’ll sadly never have a chance to experience. I would like to take this opportunity to posthumously thank Guy for all his efforts on behalf of the Audyssey community and for supporting me personally in what I was trying to achieve. He sent many helpful and encouraging E-mails my way over the years.

We also learned that ESP Softworks is winding its operations down. James North has sent along an update with more details which you’ll find later in this issue. However, people can still purchase games as long as the web site remains open. James plans to develop ESP Raceway as well as a second version of his Pinball game before closing up shop. Those of you thinking of purchasing ESP Softworks games should do so over the next while since it is unclear if they will be available after James pulls the plug. People shouldn’t take that to mean that support for owners of ESP products will stop. James has made it quite clear that technical support and customer care will continue after the closure.

On the brighter side, things are gearing up in a number of other areas. Robison Brian is still hard at work on his adventure engine. This looks like it could have an absolutely revolutionary effect on the accessible games community when it’s in full working order. It will reportedly allow anyone willing to learn a method of developing high-quality and complex sound-based games. The only major question I see is whether people will be willing to purchase the engine before there are a lot of games developed which require it. The event taking place when this engine launches commercially will be the closest thing we’ve seen to the launch of a new game console in the sighted world. Read his update later in this issue for further details. BSC Games is also moving forward with new and exciting plans. I now believe we’re firmly heading in the right direction as a community and as a small but growing market. We’ve just got to keep the momentum going and do whatever we can to support accessible game developers.

There’s a whole lot to look forward to over the summer. Rebecca and I are celebrating our first anniversary on June 15th, and we already have a few things lined up for the Summer months. Chances are good that so do at least some of our game developers. Please keep those articles and game reviews coming, folks. I’m quite pleased with what I ultimately had to work with this time around and hope that this continues to be the case for future issues. This last week before I published what you’re now reading has easily been the most stress-free one I’ve ever experienced. In fact, I was able to drop everything and go out on an afternoon excursion. This had a lot to do with ground rules I’ve set on how long I work on Audyssey each day. If married life teaches anything, it’s time management. Over the first year, I’ve learned some valuable lessons in balancing my own ambitions and sense of meeting my public obligations with the need to further personal relationships. It also had a lot to do with the efforts of the readers who chose to spend their time writing such excellent and thoughtful material. It can be easy for people to dismiss games as a frivolous pastime until they take the time to think past the fun and see how they can inspire us to examine ourselves, issues of importance, and how we choose to live our lives. My thanks go out to all of you who wrote material for this issue.

Please make use of the facilities at our web-site where you can rate articles, games, and do a whole lot of other things. Luis and Stan didn’t put all that effort in just to have the poles and surveys sit there. Also, they’re always eager for suggestions or comments on the site. This is your home on the information super-highway, blind gamers. Help it become a more lively place. Until next time at the end of August, I hope you all have an excellent Summer.

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Letters:

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From Josh de Lioncourt:

Hello all,
I guess it is time to introduce myself more or less officially. You may have read my name in the most recent edition of Audyssey.  My name is Josh de Lioncourt and I'm currently working with PCS on an update of their classic Ten Pin game.  It has been a fabulous experience so far, and I hope to be bringing many games to the VI community in the future.

So, here's a little about myself. I live in southern California.  I'm totally blind and live with my girlfriend.  I have two daughters (twins age 3) who are the most precious
things in my life.

I've been working in the adaptive technology area for a number of
years...first with TVI and Humanware, and later for Marriott International,
who employs a large number of visually impaired persons.  I was in charge
of their "VI Program".  I maintained the computer systems and wrote Jaws
scripts for their reservation software which was terribly inaccessible.

Since a child, I've always been a musician.  I compose primarily, and
prefer to work in popular music, which generally harkens back to the styles
of the 1980's, a decade that i can't seem to escape...not that I want to,
mind you.  My style is something like a mix of George Michael, sting, Elton
John, and many many others.

Another passion of mine is reading and writing.  I love science-fiction and
fantasy.  Some of my favourite authors include Anne Rice, Stephen King, JK
Rowling, Terry Brooks, Harry Harrison, and others.

I'm also a fan of "Masters of the Universe" an epic fantasy.  I've enjoyed
both the classic incarnation and the new revived version of this series
which includes a highly-detailed sculpted action figure line (which I
collect avidly), a cartoon series for both children and adults, and a comic
series geared toward adult readers which I have read to me.  I'm a long
standing supporter and message board moderator of
www.He-Man.org,
the site that is number one in terms of "Masters of the Universe" and am good
friends with the site's owner, who also is incidentally the writer of the comic.

In 2001, I produced a charity CD for "Hearts in Action", a non-profit
organization that provided distractive entertainment to seriously or
terminally ill children.  Sadly, the organization had to close its doors in
2002 due to all its benefactors choosing to divert donations to victims of
September 11th, a completely understandable but unfortunate side-effect of
the terrible tragedy.  I hope that one day it will return to its work.

I left Mariott just over a year ago to pursue more creative
endeavours.  Something that i am far better suited for.

Last year, I recorded a CD Single of some of my best songs, most of which
I'd demoed over the last 12 years or so.

And so, my love of creating stories, music, sounds, and programs has led me
here.  This seems to be an arena extremely well suited to my passions, and
I hope that I will bring many of you many hours of enjoyment through the
games I plan to develop in the future.

Have I bored any of you to sleep yet?

Take care,
Josh

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From Chris Bartlett:

I've been reading the hot and heavy thread on games being released and I have been moved to write a warning.

Let me begin by putting my biases on the table because they probably inform my judgments concerning the desirability of game complexity.  I am one of those  who lives on the end of the continuum that demands complexity and richness of detail in order to really enjoy a game.  I play Lone Wolf, which is at or near the top of the complexity continuum for accessible games at this time, and of all the games I have bought, it is the game I will continue to play for the longest.  Shades of Doom, while rich in detail provides fewer options for tactical thinking.  Trek 2K also fails to satisfy me because I don't like the interface or the way the game plays.  Alien Outback is enjoyable to me as a beer and pretzels game, but I predict that it will not hold my interest for very long.  These are the games I have purchased.  I have also downloaded several of Jim Kitchen's games, my favorite of which is actually Pong, (go figure.)

I was troubled by things James North has said about the market not supporting large, complex projects like the Genesis Project, which is why he's had to concentrate on smaller, easier-to-develop games.  I get this, and am not criticizing him or any developer for choosing to create games on the simple end of the spectrum.  I am not criticizing those who derive enjoyment from these games either.

What I am seeing however is that the contentment with games that are not comparable in complexity to games available to the sighted computer gamer is limiting the process of developing titles on the complex end of the spectrum.  I am selfishly saddened by this fact, because dammit, I want a game to lose myself in for hours, dealing with minutia, details and where one decision can effect my play an hour later in a way I might not have predicted.  I'm worried that the market is dumbing down the development of what would be for me better games.

I don't know what to do about this.  Others have different expectations of a game, just as in the board game world where I'd far rather play Fighting Wings than B-17, or (if I could figure a way) The Civil War board game rather than the Gettysburg CCG.  Short of asking all of you to join me in my madness, I can't think of what could be done.  I don't have the time to develop my own game alone, and while I've had an interesting correspondence with David Greenwood, this is all still very theoretical and he has said nothing about going from discussion to design, let alone implementation.  (No problem David, you have enough projects and I had no expectations raised, just my appetite whetted.
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The topic presented here is certainly not a completely new one to the community. Thoughts about the kinds of accessible games available are many and varied. Charles Rivard wrote the following post which, among other things, complements the above posting to a degree:

Terrible.  Replying to my own post??  Hmm.  Anyway, after sending it, I
thought about how some people complain about the fact that there are so many
games produced for the blind that are so much alike.  Some people say that
there are too many shooting games.  Look at the subject this thread
discusses.  While Nemesis Factor sounds a bit different, it does sound like
bop it in a way.  Where did bop it come from?  The first game of this type I
remember was Simon.  Then there is also bop it extreme which I mentioned in
my last post.  All of these games are pretty much the same, yet they have
been very popular with sighted and blind gamers.  Maybe what I'm getting to
is that if a game idea works, I see no harm and I have no problem with
several games that are along the same line.  Another readily available game
is from Radio Shack.  I think it is called copy me or something like that.
There are 4 buttons, each with a specific tone.  The game sounds 1 and you
must match it.  The game sounds the same one and adds one.  You copy it.  It
gets faster as you get a longer string.  There are 4 different games chosen
by first pressing one of the 4 buttons.  It runs on 1 9-volt battery and
sells for under $20 if I remember right.

Editor’s Note: This post also illustrates why I appreciate it if people send formal reviews or announcements of games they know about in separate posts. It can be a lot of work to sift through all kinds of postings for information needed in different sections of the magazine. However, it also gives people an incentive to join the ongoing discussions lest they miss information that slips through the cracks between issues.

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Piracy has lately re-surfaced for another round of hot discussion. The prospect of ESP Softworks closing down and its games no longer being available for purchase seemed to act as a catalyst for both sides of the debate to speak up. Here is a small portion of the discussion still going on at the time of this issue’s publication:

David Lant:

Hi everyone,

I'm writing to the list to announce that another set of registration keys
for both GMA Games and ESP Softworks games have been found on offer on the
Internet.  These are keys that were sold to individuals by the companies
concerned, and are now being handed around for free.

Let me make it clear.  Piracy is not acceptable behavior.  The companies
know who these people are, and are perfectly within their rights to
prosecute both the individuals, and the owner of the resource making them
available.

Just because ESP Softworks is closing it's doors for business, does not mean
that they are relinquishing their ownership rights to the software it has
sold.  If you have bought a game from ESP, you are *licensed* to use it.  It
is still owned by ESP Softworks, and passing on your registration keys is
still a breach of the license agreement.

So please, will anyone who has been handing their keys around take this as
fair warning.  If I find that any member of this list can be shown to have
been pirating software licenses, I will be approaching the list owners to
request that they be banned.

I don't know about anyone else, but I certainly do not intend to overlook or
tolerate this kind of selfish and insulting behavior.

Yours in outrage,

David Lant

+
David has written numerous messages on the topic of piracy and has, I think, begun a very crucial development in the community concerning it. I think developers can take heart from the support list members have shown to David in his well-begun crusade on everyone’s behalf. Kirstan Mooney writes:

    I just want to add here, I think David is an excellent Moderator and I
would want nothing more than a moderator who actively seeks to stamp out
Piracy.  I too would like to help stamp it out and will be doing my best to
stop it.
Just showing my support for David.

+
Robison Brian:
Good word David.  It is sad, but this does validate the practice of
individual demo codes being used to create individual licenses keyed to
each machine, even though it means another step in the registration
process.  Anyone who has licensed anything from InspiredCode knows this
is a quick and painless method.  In fact, the Audio Adventure Engine
allows game authors to encrypt games and use an identical licensing
mechanism.  (Just don't tell anyone the password you used to create the
licenses you sell!).  If any game authors not using the Engine want to
implement similar licensing mechanisms, please contact me off list and I
can share with you the concepts involved.


Editor’s note: People should be aware that developers are cooperating both to protect their own software and help others to develop protection methods. Personally, I’d rather see developers choose to cooperate to enhance accessible games and help new developers to learn the basics. It’s up to us to do whatever we can as consumers to be certain that honesty prevails and that people are compensated for their work. As editor of this magazine and a community leader, I’ll support whatever measures I can to stop piracy.

+
Ryan Peach commented:
You have no right to defame ANYONE regardless of whether they have broken
the law or not.  This is a matter between law enforcement and the parties
involve.

If you want to do something about copyright infringement, get in touch with
the authorities (as I'm assuming you have done) or at least in touch
with their ISP's.  The punishment should fit the crime, and if the law
chooses to publish the names of the guilty, then that is *their* right, not
yours…

A safe is only as secure as the next team to come up with a creative way to
crack it.  It doesn't make it right to crack it, but to place total trust in
the system is idealistic -your system will become outdate and someone will
have found a way through.

I realize that this is no justification, but with the announcement that ESP
is folding, thus game support disintegrating, for pirates, it would seem
like open season.  We should only be so lucky, David, that this isn't a
larger market, or none of you, NONE, would've had their products out this
long without them being openly pirated.  The fact that this has just come up
now *might* suggest either: (a) the protection system is inherently flawed
and needs review; (b) that the software in question is reaching the end of
its profit lifespan; (c) both (a) and (b).

I appreciate the offer to assist developers in developing encryption methods
for their software.  Question: have you done any research into those
protection technologies in current use that have a proven track record for
success?  What about implementing one of them?

+
Tom wrote:
Hey all,

Well I have been reading this thread over the last couple days with
interest.  Let me say from the outset, this is going to be just a bunch of
random thoughts on this matter and I have no clear idea yet where this
message will lead me.

First off, let me say for the record that I own legitimate copies of
Grizzly Gulch, Hunter, Troopanum, and Dynaman.  I am seriously considering
buying raceway, haven't decided on that yet.  Guess I'd better eh?  I have
done some sound engineering for BSC Games as well.  In the last six or
eight months I have gained quite a bit of knowledge from various sources
including this list about how dedicated these developers we have are.  I
understand what James is Saying, this is personal when you are talking
about a market as small as this one is, and yes it is small.  First, you
have to cut it down to the number of people who are blind.  Next, you have
to reduce that further by the number of blind people who have
computers.  Further, these computers need  to be new enough to run
accessible games.  Also, the blind person has to be interested in games,
remember, not everyone is.  Next, the person has to have the skills to
learn to play the game in the first place.  Lastly, you have the matter of
economics.  I don't know how it is in other countries but here in the
U.S.,. the percentage of the unemployed working age blind is between 70 and
80 percent, depending on who you ask.  Many of these people cannot afford
to spend 25 or 30 or 40 bucks on a game, at least not very often.  All
these things serve to narrow the market.

Ok, so much for the small market thing.  Now to the piracy.  From a
personal standpoint, I feel it is reprehensible to pirate these games
particularly due to the small market.  Every copy of these games that is
sold does make a difference.  Having said that, I also have to agree with
the other list member who said that he doubts, and I doubt as well, that
too many of us here are totally lily white as far as this goes.  I think
most of you have probably copied something at one time or another, perhaps
because you needed it and could not afford it.  This is my case and I
freely admit it, if I really need something and the price is unreasonable
and I truly cannot afford it and the only way to get it is to copy it, then
I will do so.  However, I can say with a clear conscience I have never
pirated any accessible games, nor will I do so.  These are a luxury item as
far as I am concerned, and very reasonably priced at that.  If I like the
game I should buy it, otherwise I should not waste the space on my hard
drive.  These developers charge no more, in some cases less, for their
products than games for the sighted.  We can go back and forth about the
different kinds of games the sighted have versus what we have, but that is
for another time.

After this thread got started I have done some looking around to see if I
could find any of these things that people are talking about, keys being
passed around and so on.  I have to say I have not found anything of this
kind yet, and this makes me question how prevalent this really is.  I
realize that a lot of people probably do this personally, they just enter
the keys on their friends' computer or whatever.  I agree with the general
consensus, the only way you are going to stop this or slow it down is to
make the keys machine specific as Justin does with the bsc games.  This is
a pain in the butt for us owners, it also limits the market even more
because many people simply will not go to the bother of doing this for what
they consider a frivolous item, but I fully understand why he does it.

The last thing I would mention is I would be careful about naming anyone
you think is pirating stuff, particularly in any kind of public
forum.  Unless someone has actually been accused and convicted of
something, this could very well open you up to a libel and/or slander
lawsuit, both personally and as an entity.  Now are most of these people
who are doing this going to do that?  Probably not.  However it is
something to consider before you act.

Well that's all for me for now.

+
Tim Chase wrote:
There should be nothing as far as libel or slander goes.  Each developer
who has distributed a software key to a customer should have records,
matching keys to people.  If a person has given away their key, posted it
on a website, or offered it around in any sort of public list/forum, it's
a pretty no-brainer exercise to lookup the owner of that key.  I suppose
it is plausible that the little computer elves peeked over a customer's
shoulder and then scampered off to distribute the key they just watched
the customer type in, or it could be a "friend" or family member.  None
the less, when the license agreement states that the customer is not to
distribute the key, it then becomes the customer's responsibility to not
only to refrain from distributing it, but to prevent others as well from
distributing their key.  Though I'm not on to care particularly for
licensing headaches, it does pay my bills (fortunately, I work for a
company that manages that headache) and pays the bills of many others.  I
prefer to use free software to prevent selling my soul to some of the
entities out there that wield too much power, but if you're willing to
agree to a license agreement on its terms, then you ought best to abide by
them.  Huzzah for the court system (grins).  You do have a choice...agree
or not.  There are a lot of free packages out there, and a lot of free
coding environments.  If you don't think it's worth agreeing to their
terms, write your own and distribute it for free (winks).  My random
ramblings...

+
I couldn’t find anybody who openly supported pirates. However, the other side of the debate went more along the lines of how to deal with it and the market conditions which provoked it. Darren Harris’s message below gives a good example:

With all due respect, and I really don't care how this is taken, good or
bad, but it sounds to me like you are asking for a sympathy vote here. And,
I don't know how many times we have herd the story about how this is a small
market. It wouldn't be if it was better advertised now would it. How did I
hear about accessible games? By word of mouth, nothing on any of the lists
that I was on, no advertising on any VIP related websites or anything like
that. If you want your products to sell, then you need to market them, not
chuck them out with the "hope", that someone is going to buy them. You make
it sound like this list is the be all and end all of the profit margins.

And do you seriously think that Pirates are really going to listen? All they
will do now is go deeper under ground. If your tactic really was affective,
then Piracy would have been dead and long gone years ago. So that's
testament to say that you can bluster about this all you like, but it's not
going to get you anywhere. Yes Piracy is damaging. Yes it's illegal. But
coming on, giving it the big all, really isn't going to improve things now
is it? Do you really expect these folks to admit that they are Pirates? With
all these programmes like Cazaa around now, there is no real way to prove
who has got what. And no, I haven't got it either. I've got better things to
do with my time than to clutter up my HDD with mP3's and other things. With
a 500 strong cd collection and growing by the month, and yes I buy them, I
have no need for MP3's.

+
James North countered quickly with the following:

Hi, Darren.

With all due respect, you're way off-base where I'm concerned.  I'm not
expecting anyone to come clean or change their ways.  If my post happens
to make someone stop long enough to think about the issue--which is
exactly what we're discussing here; nothing more, nothing less (you
should know that)--then cool.  If not, big fawkin' *shrug*.

It's a fact this market is small.  And, I've always been one of the few
developers to claim that it was a viable market in which to develop full
time.  And, I have.

As far as advertising goes--I've done it.  If you haven't heard about
ESP Softworks via this or the accessible gamers' list, then you're
either obviously new or don't bother reading the posts.  I have
distributors across the globe and not only do extensive marketing to
individuals, schools, organizations, special interest groups, and lists
for transacting products, but I've also spent an exorbitant amount of
time, resources, and generosity toward the community and it's
development outward over the past five years.  As far as 'spamming'
every blind- and VIP-related list out there, it's by and large not
welcomed by the moderators.  ESP products are featured on several
distributors websites and, in fact, the only accessible game company
features in LS&S Online's print catalog.  So, if you think that I view
this list as the end all of profit margins and that I've merely chucked
out hope to bring in sales--as well as looking for a sympathy
vote--you're ignorantly wrong.

There will never be an end to piracy (I suggest re-reading my previous
post).  That's not the point.  The point is that I'll put foot to ass
where I can to satisfy the fact that I can.  If you don't want my foot
to your ass, then you'd better dig deeper because ninety percent of
piracy is done on the surface.

+
Charles Rivard wrote:

Hey, David:  I know that games that I can play are being sold by some
companies, but why the heck should I pay for them when I can get them for
free from someone?  Heck.  It's only 1 copy.  They won't lose much revenue.
It's no big deal.  I know someone who would really get a kick out of this
free game I got from (fill in the blank).  I'll give him a copy to see if he
likes it.  Of course, if he does, is he going to buy it?  Nope.  Why?  He's
already got it.  Well, the loss of revenue has just been doubled.  This is
why piracy must be stopped!!!

++
Advertising and promoting awareness of accessible games was discussed at some length later on in the quarter. Mostly, this was done in a totally off-the-wall fashion. Thoughts of posters on busses, commercials for Audyssey Magazine, and other even more… well, let’s just say creative ideas were bandied about. Elaine Duke came through with some more serious thought on the problem of spreading awareness. Here is an excerpt from her message:

From Elaine Duke:

...but on my original post about posters, I actually meant for the posters to be printed.  then as has already been pointed out, if a VI person was with sighted friends they would point the poster out to the VI person.  how else do us blindies find out things in this world without someone telling us?  yes I know there's gadgets to tell us color, yes I know there's scanners to read print.  but, they can and will let you down.  somewhere along the lines you need sighted assistance.

also you've other people who work with the VI communities, schools, parents, government bodies such as RNIB or CNIB in Canada.  sorry don't know the American equivalent.  but you get my point?

now I'm talking free adverts here and I do know there are places like libraries for instance, who would and do put up notice boards free of charge.

I personally feel that it's not just up to the developers to advertise their products.  but us as consumers too.  mainly because our community is so small.

especially in the UK, accessible games aren't known at all or very few of us are aware of the market.  and why?  well advertisement!  you get the likes of comproom, yes, but where do they advertise?  in specialist magazines or programmes that only people who are aware of that programmed listen too.

hmm, seems like a catch 22 situation to me, or maybe what came first the chicken or the egg?

once again though, I feel we are back to the same thing, we need to help each other.  whether its developers helping each other, developers helping consumers or visa versa.  sorry folks it's just got to be done.

you cant' have games with out the developers, but then you cant' sell games without consumers.

right enough said.

+
That’s exactly in line with my own perspective on this. I believe one of the key problems facing the growth of the market for accessible games is that relatively few people are aware that these games exist and of their potential to have positive effects on blind youth. Indirect advertising may prove particularly helpful. If teachers, parents, sighted friends, and agencies who are connected in some way with blind people knew about these games, things might start happening at a faster rate. Code Factory has managed to gain the support of ONSE, the Spanish equivalent of the Canadian CNIB. It would be good to see more developers backed by such organizations. I recently did a presentation for a youth group at the church Rebecca and I attend. The kids loved the games and I believe it gave them a more intuitive grasp of how blind people can use their hearing and that we can enjoy similar things to what they are interested in. Here’s a message from Michael Mccarty who is taking every action he can to spread that crucial awareness. I found it quite an encouraging thing amid all the gloom of the thread on piracy where it was placed:

    Gentlemen, I am concerned with the great games of ESP disappearing, and
not to be enjoyed by anyone in the future.

    We have so few games, as has been pointed out on the list, and to loose
these great titles would be terrible.  Is there a way to save these titles
for future accessible game players?  What happens after the games can no
longer be purchased?

    I have done some presentations, the most recent at the Kentucky Council
of the Blind state convention, where we gave away a computer, with demos of
all the accessible games, from various companies.  It went over really well.
Many did not know of accessible games for the blind, and were amazed to hear
the quality of the sounds, and at the fun they had while playing the games.
I would like to think that someone registered their copy of the games, I
have no way of knowing, but games like Monkey Business, and Alien Outback
are things that should not simply disappear.  The people love them, once
they find out that they exist.

    I have also done presentations for the Kentucky School for the Blind,
and the teachers love the games, and see them as educational.  One teacher
remarked that Alien Outback was a fun way for a child to begin to quickly
respond to the sounds that come at them from different directions.  The same
was said for Super Shot, proving that the games do have some educational
value!

+
Richard from:
www.soundsupport.net
related his experiences with getting publicity for Drive, their flagship game. It’s nice to see people finding ways to get the word out like these people are. Check out their site if you haven’t already.

Hi...

When we published the Drive Demo and the Sneller Demo we used a press release for each of them (English and Dutch). Of course this costs a lot of money
(ranging from $500 - $1000 or more) . We didn't have to pay it ourselves (we couldn't if we had to!!!) but the Bartimeus Foundation and our University
did. However, that's over 1,5 years ago and STILL we're receiving a lot of attention through that single press release. We reached the National Radio in
Australia and Ireland, as well as a Las Vegas Radio show
 and appeared in several Japanese Magazines (with Drive on CD). The last post about Drive being added to the Game On Exposition was also a result from the
same press release.
What we did outside the press release was to email every game group, website, newsletter we could get our ands on (so I agree we didn't get to email EVERY
newsletter concerning the blind). We've contacted game magazines around the world, as well as audio designers and websites on sound design.

The thing is, the press mainly wanted to give attention to Drive is because of the "News Value" of it (not because it is such an incredible racegame *grin*
), the value being: "Racing Game For The Blind". We received so much feedback of blind and sighted people saying : "I didn't know this existed" that I
understand your experience/opinion really really well, Darren.
Basically, for us it was the same thing. We did a project on designing an accessible website and we decided to put some games on it to get some traffic.
That's how we got to research accessible games. Otherwise I still wouldn't know and I'd be doing something else right now. And this was already a couple
of years after Jim Kitchen originally created the first real audio racing game.

So if you have the chance to use a press release (maybe get it sponsored by your local blind foundation or school or use a local newspaper, sometimes national
newspapers pick it up as well), you might try it, it worked for us. Right now, "games for the blind" are very sexy for the media.
Again, this is why I think (but this is only my opinion) there should be more websites on the subject and not just newsletters or newsgroups since they
are NOT indexed by Google and other search engines.  But I'm glad I notice more and more people setting up their own websites who link to AudysseyMag.org,
the developers, AudioGames.net and even refer this list. But I'm not a media expert. These are just my experiences.
 

++
Games make wonderful gifts for blind people. Justin Daubenmire sent the following post to the list about how to go about purchasing one of BSC Games’s products as a gift for a friend. It would be a good idea for all developers to make such information available particularly when games aren’t available on CD and must be downloaded. For those interested, here is Justin’s posting on this:

From Justin Daubenmire:

Hi All.

Just a quick post since I've recently had a few on the list email me about how to purchase a game from BscGames.com as a gift for a friend.  A list member suggested that I put this info on the site and share it with others.  I just updated my web site to show how to do this and wanted to share the steps with the list since I don't know how often people visit the BSCGames.com web site.  Here it is...

Q) How can I order a game as a gift for a friend from your company?

A) When you place an order for the game using our secure order form, in the product id box type the word "none" without the quotation marks and then submit your order.  After your order is processed, you'll be sent an email that states you did not provide your product id.  Hold onto this email and do not delete it since it contains a link to our website for the unlock code.  Email your friend and say "hey happy birthday or merry Christmas..." and have your friend download/install the game you just purchased for them.  Once your friend installs the game, have them email you their product id.  You then can go to the link in the email you were sent and paste in your friends product id.  When you are emailed the unlock code, simply forward the email/unlock code to your friend so they can input the unlock code and register the game.  Although this seems like a few steps, the overall process is actually quite quick and easy to do and we have a lot of people doing this all the time.

++
From Tobias Vinteus:

Hi gamers,
If my memory serves me, the A2 emulator wasn't able to generate the castle
disk for the Bronze Dragon game. I seem to remember reading on this list
about another text-based emulator that actually could do this. What was
the name of that emulator?

+
Sorry to disappoint you, Tobias. However, to the best of my knowledge, no way was found to successfully play Bronze Dragon completely without sighted assistance. Apple emulators for Windows were able to generate the castle disk needed to play the game. However, without this step being accessible, it’s impossible to fully enjoy Bronze Dragon as a blind player. This is a particularly frustrating situation since the game is completely text-based and splendidly full of detail and replay value. I could get lost in that game for hours if it were accessible to blind players. However, short of somebody coming out with an accessible Apple II emulator which could generate these disks or porting the game system over to Windows, I don’t think we’ll ever be able to dig into it.

++
Content over glitz was the name of one of the major topics of conversation over the past while. Chris Bartlet opened up a very large can of worms with the following:

Why must we have yet another first-person shooter?  Why does the sound
quality of a game merit more comment than the content?  This is not
specifically aimed at Justin, and I'm sure that Void will kick butt in many
other ways.  But why are we recycling twenty-year old games as suggested
concepts for the next game?  Where are the games that challenge our brains,
not our reflexes?

I am not terribly interested in arcade games.  I want tactics and
strategy.  I would far rather see heavy investment of time and effort to
model something more satisfying than yet another variation on SOD.  Lone
Wolf will always have more long-term playability than GMA tank Commander
because it is a more cerebral and less reflex-oriented game.  I don't play
SOD anymore, and Alien Outback is enjoyable but a beer and pretzels
game.  I have not bothered with Monkey Business or Hunter, because I don't
want to play another member of the species of game.

There is so much more out there that could be done.  Why is the fixation
for arcade-style games?  Is it the market not demanding anything more
complex?  Is it a failure of imagination on the part of game
developers?  Is it a wish to mimic sighted friends/relatives in the sort of
mindless games they spend hours playing?  Why cannot we be more
diverse?  What is the fascination with trying to reproduce the experience
of a sighted 12-year-old (sorry Josh) when most of us are adults with
brains and imagination enough to participate in something far richer and
more complex?
+
From Adrian Higginbotham

Personally I find g.m.a games although in the arcade style require lots of strategy.  just because a game falls in to one genre doesn't mean it shouldn't be challenging on lots of levels, indeed if it isn't it's badly designed and likely to be boring.
deciding whether to accept one challenge or another isn't really strategy, or not enough to keep you busy anyway, deciding whether the helicopter or the fast approaching tank is the more immediate threat demands much more strategy.

+
Boomerdad wrote:
I think one thing that rings true, especially for those of us blind since birth who have many friends who enjoy videogames, is the fact that this is all quite new.

I can only speak for myself, but there has never been a shortage of "cerebral" games for the blind.  Text adventure games largely fall into that category, and those have been around for over 20 years.  I, for one, think reflex- and/or action-oriented games have a lot of lost time to make up.

This isn't to say I don't enjoy the more cerebral games...but I'll admit, I'm a bit biased because I'm much better at the reflex-oriented games.  I don't think Monkey Business falls into the same category as something like Alien Outback or Tank Commander.

+
Christopher chaltain chimed in thusly:

I share Chris's frustration with the lack of accessible strategy games. From what I've read, I'd love to purchase an accessible game like this X-Beyond or X2.  LW is also my favorite game, and I'd love to see a LW like game with a space theme extended into an open ended strategy game.  An accessible version of Civilization or a sports game with a franchise or dynasty mode, like NCAA 2003, would also be tops on my list.  I'd be willing to pay significantly more for these types of games than the ones that are currently out there.  It's no reflection on the developers effort but just what I'm interested in purchasing.

+
Charles Rivard wrote:
All this posting about the fact that there isn't much in the way of different types of games that are accessible in some people's minds.  The complaint that there are too many shooting games.  A question: Are they selling?  If they're not, they will no longer be produced and other games will be put out.  If the shooting games sell well, they will continue.  If you see a game that you do not like, don't buy it and let the game developers know what you want in the way of games.  If enough requests are received, I would think that the games will eventually be seen.  All the one-man companies cannot obviously produce a game anywhere nearly as quickly as companies with hundreds or more employees.  That's why our market is not flooded with games.  I personally would like to see an absolutely accessible chess program.  Most of them have been fairly OK, but not fully accessible for all players.  I use a separate board and men to determine my next move, and some people say that this should not be necessary.  I would like to see more board games accessible.  Online card games as well, with the option to play against the PC when nobody else is available.  How many of those are there?  How about making the games that come free with Windows made accessible.  Heck.  Everyone has those games, but we cannot use them.

++
All manner of games were discussed at great length as they emerged into public consciousness. Interest in accessible hand-held games seems to be experiencing a sharp rise from the occasional attention these games got in the past. In particular, a hand-held puzzle game called Nemesis Factor received an incredible amount of attention even after GMA Games put out a beta-test demo of their Tank Commander game. This demo effectively halted conversation about pretty much everything except itself and Nemesis Factor. Despite there only being one level to the Tank Commander demo, it kept a lively discussion going for weeks as people continued to play it. Also making noteworthy appearances on the Blindgamers list during this quarter were Monkey Business, Hunter, Pong, and a demo of Terraformers, a long-anticipated title gaining a lot of attention outside the blind gaming community. Despite a number of problems with this last demo, my take on things is that its release did more good than harm for the prospects of the full game when it emerges. I have every confidence that people will give it a second chance.

Editor’s note: A tremendous amount of potentially helpful information was transmitted over the Blindgamers list during the last quarter. I doubt anybody would have the time to dig all those bits out and put them in a presentable format. I do my best to provide a good sampling of the more thoughtful discussion which frequently emerges. However, those not taking part in the everyday traffic on Blindgamers are missing out on a tremendous resource. People are usually quite quick to help out when information or assistance is needed. There is also a lot of friendly banter and the occasional heated debate. Every community has its good and bad points. However, thanks to the overall good nature of the people involved and our excellent moderators, David Lant and Brenda Green, the good points have far out-weighed the bad. To get more of a feel for what goes on in the Blindgamers list, those who aren’t already members may want to check out the Audyssey web-site. There, you’ll find an update composed by the site staff which captures the latest news and any currently hot topics. 

+++
Accessible Online Multi-Player Gaming
By Justin Daubenmire BscGames.com

Overview:

I have seen it mentioned on the blind gamers discussion list about online multi-player gaming and have been asked personally by many gamers if I have ever had any thoughts on pursuing this endeavour. When I mention online multi-player gaming, I am referring to very large scaled games such as Sony Entertainment's Ever Quest. Have I thought of doing this flavour of game for the community? My direct answer to the question is yes! However, in this article, from both a developers perspective and a business perspective, I am going to explain to you why at this time, I feel it is an effort that may not ever work out. However, as the blind gaming community/market grows, and if we accessible developers team up to do the project, it possibly could. Let me encourage you to read this entire article so you can get an understanding of the costs associated with this type of entertainment. If you opt to not read the entire article I have written, please read the conclusion of this article to see my proposal to accessible developers and the community at large.

This article is a general overview of the annual start-up costs to develop a multi-player online game. All costs mentioned in this article are in US dollars. They are rough estimates and have not been heavily researched. However, I do work in the e-commerce business as an internet programmer so I am somewhat familiar with this type of technology and some of the costs associated with it. Also to note, the fictitious online game I am discussing in this article is to be assumed to be a large scaled game and not a smaller scaled game. When I say large scaled game, I am referring to a game the size of Sony Entertainment's Ever Quest.

Content:

Many sighted people enjoy hours of playing multi-player style games online and with friends and family around the world. They grab an installation CD, install the game, jump on the net and fill out a subscription form. The form takes in name, address, credit card details, etc. After they subscribe for about 15 bucks a month, they dive into hours upon hours of game play with others world wide using their internet connection -- either dsl/cable/or even dial-up. Talk about lack of sleep! *smile*. I have seen several of my sighted friends enjoy some of the popular titles and I would love to bring that enjoyment to the blind gaming community. However, there is no way a single individual could ever put out an accessible multi-player online game such as the popular ever quest by Sony Entertainment. It would take companies like mine teaming up with others to produce such a beast for the blind. Reason? Funding. 

Myself and other accessible gaming developers have the skills and expertise to make online multi-player games. However, what we lack is what the major gaming companies have, funding and major amounts of it. They have an extremely large market. 

Lets discuss roughly what the first year would cost us to create the game. A robust online multi-player game would take nearly 1 year to develop correctly and would take at least a team of 4 programmers, 2 to 3 sound engineers, and a project manager, which is my expertise. 

Now lets dive directly into the start-up costs. You would need at least 2 game servers to handle the traffic. For a solid, reliable game server, you would be looking at spending $2000. Times that by two and you are already at $4000 start-up cost. Certainly you could throw together a few servers each costing between $800 to $1200 but I’m referring to what most major gaming companies would probably use -- state of the art server technology. In addition to the servers, you are looking at paying a solid $50 hosting fee per month to a reliable hosting company to host the two servers. I realize there are hosting services for about 20 bucks a month or cheaper but typically those services are shaky and unreliable and have serious downtimes. Also with a cheaper hosting company, you are looking at extremely limited bandwidth, which I will touch on soon. Bandwidth is one of the major cost factors. So, to be a reliable online multi-player game, you would need two game servers at around $4000 and $50 per month hosting cost, which is $480 per year. Looking at our annual cost so far, we are now up to $4480 without even starting on project development costs.

Typically in most major programming companies they pay hourly wages to programmers/teams of programmers. Those figures usually are from $40 per hour of development to $75 per hour of development. To be extremely restrictive, I’ll say our team of accessible programmers only make $40 per hour of development for our accessible multi-player game. A rough estimation of the number of hours to develop an accessible “ever quest” style multi-player online game would be 300 hours to 3000 hours. So lets take the absolute barebones 300 hours of development times $40 gives us $12000 USD start-up cost for the development of the game. It would actually take much longer than 300 hours to make the game. Any gaming companies for the sighted would laugh at that $12000 figure since their development hours are four times that and their programmers make minimum $75 per hour. The $12000 development cost, larger companies would gross twice that in 1 month or less off their market of sighted gamers. Ah, market; we will soon discuss that as well. So the $4480 start-up server fee/annual hosting fee plus the initial programming fees brings us to $16480. Oh but hold on, we aren’t done yet, lets talk about the sounds for the game.

In the real world, gaming companies have their own full-blown recording studios to produce game sound effects and have to pay their sound engineers some good change to make sounds. I.E bringing in people with specific accents to do voiceovers, making their own background music with real musicians, to simple things like making their own explosion sounds and death sounds. I’d say most major gaming companies probably spend around $5500 or more to hand create the sounds. We accessible gaming developers can’t afford that so we are left to CDs of sound effects. For a decent CD of professionally produced sound effects, you are looking at $400... price them online. Certainly you can find ones for $30 or $100 but are those really the quality we would want in an accessible online multi-player game? Probably not. I’d say in total we would be looking at paying probably $800 to $1000 for some great realistic sounds that immerse the player in the adventure whatever that might be. So, we’ll say $800 to play it safe. Now our start-up cost for the first year of operation is up to $17280 and we still have not discussed bandwidth costs, installation CD creation costs, CD shipping costs, marketing and advertising costs, nor how much to charge the end user monthly to subscribe to the service.

Bandwidth is very difficult to judge in this effort since it is hard to tell how many people would subscribe to the accessible online game. The number of subscribers would determine the cost of bandwidth. Just a rough guess here but let’s say we have 300 die hard fan/gamers who sign up for the service and play a minimum of 4 hours per day. So, 4 hours a day times 300 users can get bandwidth usage up there quite quickly. So to be fair, I’d say bandwidth costs would be between $500 to $1500 per month. However, in real life they could probably be as high as $4000 per month since lets face it, many people stay on the computer for hours upon hours. I know some do not, but many do. Lets just say $500 to be conservative. So our annual cost to cover bandwidth would be $6000 ($500 times 12 months). Now our first year of expense would be up to $23280 without bringing into play installation CD creation/packaging, CD shipping costs, and marketing/advertising costs. We’ll let all those go but probably would be around $800 to $2500 or so.

Now lets discuss our market – blind gamers. We all know that not only is the blind computer market a minority market, but to break it down even smaller, we are a minority within the minority – blind gamers. Sighted gaming companies could clear that annual cost of $23280 in one or two months with a single game. The number of worldwide subscribers they would get would bring them the funding they would need to financially clear their expenses in 1 or two months. After that, they would start to make them a serious profit. On the other hand, our market is very small. I don't know if we could break even and pay off the $23280 start-up costs in the first year of operation. 

Now lets touch on all you great folks -- us developers' faithful customers. You should know, we appreciate your financial support. Without it, we couldn't make games. Thank you for your financial support! Most sighted gaming companies charge from $12.99 to $14.99 per month with some pre-pay offers but for now lets focus on the monthly cost. Understanding that our overall market has limited funds, I’d say that most blind gamers would probably be most comfortable with paying $12.99 per month. 

So lets look at each person paying $12.99 per month to subscribe to the service to play our online accessible Ever Quest style game. Our initial annual expense would be $23280 and divide that by 1 user at $12.99 and you would get 1792 individual payments needed to clear our first year expense and break even. Now lets divide the 1792 total individual payments needed to clear our first year expense by 12 months and this will show us how many users would need to pay $12.99 per month for a solid year. And the survey says bing bing bing bing 149 users per month would have to pay $12.99 for 1 year to keep it afloat. Oops forgot to mention that out of that $12.99 credit card processing costs would probably take it down to $10.00. That 10 bucks would have to be split amongst 5 or 6 team members, hosting fees, bandwidth costs, CD creation/shipping costs, etc.  Also, not every person has a credit card so some would not even be able to sign-up and play the game.

Although on the surface that looks somewhat doable and would clear our initial expense for the first year of operation, our second year of operation probably would kill us immediately. First of all, lets be honest, how many people would keep subscribing to the same game at $12.99 per month for the first year? I mean after all, there are only so many aliens you can shoot or lands you can cross or whatever it is before the game gets boring and you opt to not resubscribe to the game and then developers must hurry and try to make another online game that is bigger and better and has more features than its predecessor. Wow, that could potentially mean another $20000 and we haven’t even entirely gotten out of the clear with the start-up costs associated with the first game. 

Conclusion:

Ok, now Justin shoves aside his pessimistic podium and gets rid of all reasoning. *smile* Now I put on my optimistic ball cap for this last paragraph. *smile*. could we do this folks? Would it be possible to make such a game be a success in our market? I say yes! All it takes is all of us banging our change together and making it stay afloat! We could do it but it would not be easy at all. In my personal opinion, the only way this type of entertainment could come to the blind gaming market is a team effort from accessible game developers. I'd be more than willing to head up such an effort and take on the role as the project manager. That's a strength of mine -- managing time, resources, people, etc. Everyone on the list knows that I meet my game release dates very close to when I say the game will be live for download/purchase. Sometimes there are unknown setbacks but overall, my games are released on or near the initial mention of the release date which confirms my abilities to be a reliable project manager. I am not bashing any other developers on the list, I don't know their individual situations or anything with their release dates, I am only referring to myself so keep this in mind.

If there are any accessible developers on the list or off the list interested in putting together an online multi-player accessible game and would like to join the project team I'd head-up, please email me off list at justind@BscGames.com and we can start the ball rolling. Also, any gamers who would love to see this type of entertainment/game hit our market shoot me an email and let me know. Can't promise I can reply to all emails I get but it will more importantly give me a feel for how many would be interested in supporting this type of game.

+++
Handheld Fun
By Ken Downey 
Here are descriptions of all the handheld games I have ever played and
found accessible, arranged by rating.  Some of these games are probably
discontinued, but if you can find them I strongly urge you to get as
many as possible as they are all worth playing.  I have rated them from
1 to 10, 10 being the absolute best.

The Nemesis Factor
Hasbro has created a wonderful game called Nemesis Factor, a new puzzle
that has stretched my brain to the limits.  Hasbro calls it the first
electronic talking puzzler, and to my knowledge it is.  There are two
new things offered in this game-- first, it delivers the mind-numbing
challenge of solving 100 puzzles, and second it allows you and up to
three friends to keep score.  The object is to solve as many puzzles as
possible.  When they are all complete, whenever your friends press the
colour you chose as your player colour, the game tells them you've won.
This game is 100% accessible.  It is true that the puzzle involves
lights, but they are not necessary for solving any of the puzzles.
There are mathematical puzzles, pattern puzzles, musical puzzles, and
so many more!  I've completed eighty-nine puzzles, having to skip some
because of the frustration of not knowing how to solve them--but it is
great!  Also be forewarned that many puzzles involve light.  The thing
has a light censor just below the buttons.  It's a tiny round hole.
The reason I'm telling you this is so you won't give up when you
realize some of the puzzles hinge on light or dark.  By the way, you
get two hints per puzzle, and you can skip one if you're stumped.  Four
people can play, and it saves game play between rounds, so you and your
friends can compare scores, and work on different puzzles in the same
day.  Let your friend have one colour, you take another, and after the
Nemesis factor has stumped him on puzzle 15 you can choose your coloured
button and go right back to where you were on puzzle 69.  This is the
best handheld game I've ever played, but it does have one drawback:
there are only 100 puzzles, so once you've figured them out there is no
challenge left.  Despite that, though, it still gets a solid ten.

NuJam

In this game, you have to follow the music.  As in the Bop it games,
their is a steady, rhythmical beat that goes faster as you progress in
the game.  So, the guitar plays a high note, and you slide the slider
up.  It makes a low noise, and you slide it down.  It does a riff, and
you twist it.  It plays a power chord, and you strum it.  This game
plays way faster than the Bop it games do, and that in itself would
make it worthy of purchasing today but there is a second game, Rhythm
Jam, in which it plays a series of strums and riffs, and not only must
you match them but you must do it to the rhythms in which they are
played.  Want to know what the more advanced rhythms are like?  You
don't have to beat it to find out, for their is a bonus jam mode in
which, even if you mess up, it saves your score and position in the
game (but does not save your score as the high score).
There is also a free jam where you can just strut your stuff a little
and make up your own sequences.  (This is great when you just want to
mess around, after the game has blown out your brains.)
For the partially sighted, there are lights on the game you can follow
as well, but don't be distressed, you who are totally blind, for before
starting the gameplay with your sighted friend you can tell the game
not to light the lights.
There's still more to this amazing game.  It doesn't just let you beat
it once it's gone as fast as it can go.  For one thing, it doesn't
reach a certain speed and then stop going faster like the Bop it games,
it goes faster until you reach a certain place, then it tells you how
well you did--but don't relax yet because it's time  to go double
time!  You can also set the game to start at the doubletime speed. I
don't know anyone who has beaten this fantastic zinger.  I give it a
ten.

Bird Brain
Somewhere in the world is a man with a very obnoxious voice, and he
imitates the speech of parrots almost perfectly.  You'd recognize his
voice instantly, for he is a famous actor.  Anyway, in this game he is a
bird that gives you seven phrases.  Then the phrases get all mixed up
and you have to match the beginnings of the phrases to their endings.
In the process of matching, you end up with quite a number of funny new
ones,.  For example, "babe in the woods," and "blind as a bat," are two
phrases.  If you match them up wrong, you could end up with, "babe in
the bat!"
I miss this game and would like to find it again.  It gets a nine.

Real Fishing

This is a great little game, especially if you like to fish but are too
impatient to wait for a bite.  There is a motor in the game that pulls
on the line so that the rod actually bends and it looks like a fish is
fighting you.  Their are ten difficulty levels to this game.  You
progress from level to level, and, for instance, once you have beaten
level eight you can play all the levels accept level ten, which I have
never managed to win.  If you're not quick enough to let out some line,
you may have to tell the story about the big cyberfish that got away.
I give this game a nine.

Uno Blitzo

This is a spin on the ever-popular card game, Uno.  Up to four players
can play the game, or one person can play against the computer.  There
are only four cards in the game, numbered red1, blue2, green3, and
yellow4 for all four players.  The computer  calls out a colour or
number, and whoever is currently playing lays down the appropriate
card.  There is an uno button on top, and if the player next to you
lays down the penultimate card without hitting that uno button, you can
press the uno button, making him draw three cards, playing with a full
hand.  Also, from time to time the computer will say "draw," in which
case you can make either of your opponents draw a certain number of
cards, which the computer announces after you've selected your victim.
The game also will play a sound effect from time to time.  If it is
your turn, hit the uno button.  On the first two difficulty levels, if
you hit the uno button on the wrong sound effect you can pass, but on
the latter levels you get another card.
This game is almost completely accessible, especially if you play it on
level 1.  On the other levels you have to take a card if you make a
wrong move, and as sighted players can tell what cards they have left
by the lights on their buttons, they instantly know whether to lay down
the blue or pass, where the blind player does not.  Trying to
concentrate on what cards have been laid, as well as which direction
you have to pass when the game calls out, "reverse," can be a bit
stressful--but I still recommend the game highly.  By the way, there is
a trick to knowing what cards the computer lays down when you get an
instant uno.  It leaves the highest numbered card left in your hand.  I
really like this game, but since it's a bit difficult it only gets an 8.

Bop it and Bop it Extreme

Most people are familiar with Bop it.  It tells you what to do, such as
bop it or pull it, and you do it.  The more points you rack up, the
faster the games go.  Bop it Extreme is a bit more challenging than Bop
it but it also goes a bit slower.  In addition to voice commands, both
games have sound effects you can learn to follow.  To beat Bop it, you
must score 100 points, and to beat Bop it Extreme you must rack up 250
points.  These games are great until you have beaten them and the
challenge is lost,  but though these games are relatively simple and
mindless they  are still great fun.  I give Bop it a seven and Bop it
Extreme an eight.

Brain Bash
This isn't just a follow the commands game, it also messes with you by
making you solve relatively simple math problems on the fly.  The
travel game version is better as the speaker is on top.  There are four
games, and up to four people can play simultaneously.  This is an older
game and may be discontinued.  I give it a seven.

Brain Warp and Brain Shift

Brain Warp and Brain Shift are relatively simple, but still fun, fast-
paced games where you follow commands.  The game will tell you to
turn/shift to a specific colour or number, and, when you do, you earn
points.  In Brain Shift, their is a Simon-like game where it makes a
bunch of sounds and you have to shift the stick to the right one.
Brain Warp has a similar game, but it uses number-colour combos instead
of sounds.  Brain warp  is a ball with six knobs, and you tilt it this
way and that until the right coloured or numbered knob is on top, and a
little ball in the game falls into a hole and you score a point.
Another game is called Code Buster, in which the games come up with
sets of four, five, six or more colours and you have to find the
combination.  Other games include one where two or more people can
play.  The first person selects a colour, then the second goes to the
first colour and adds his own, and so on.
but even after that they are still fun to play at parties and picnics.
I rate them both a seven.

There are many other accessible handheld games out there, like Simon,
Supersimon, and talking Battleship, but they are so well-known that I
have not endeavoured to cover them here.  As I get new games, I will
play them, (for hours, no doubt,) and write a subsequent article
describing them.
By the way, "The Little Lost Puppy," is almost finished.  Go to
www.dreamtechinteractive.com
for details.

+++
Enchantment’s Twilight Development Diary: Part III
By Michael Feir

Yes, folks. I came up with that title a while ago and still like it. Things have changed quite drastically over the past while. I got a copy of Dave’s engine and have started experimenting. Unfortunately, I get some runtime errors which have blocked me from making too much progress on that front. Over the next while, I’ll be trying to sort all that out. Mostly, I’ve been questioning Dave about his engine versus what kind of game I’m trying to create. Due to this and starting to work with the engine itself, I have had to alter my overall concept by quite a bit and may ultimately have to again.

One of the hardest and most frustrating decisions I eventually had to make was to remove sea voyages from the campaign game. This had nothing to do with engine limitations other than the restricted number of user variables. It had far more to do with a simple question which I could not answer to my satisfaction. What would happen if the wizard was away on a voyage when this or that major event happened? Especially troublesome were events involving confrontation with enemies or demons on the island. It would require far more work and variables to have two systems to deal with these events, and I’d need to do that if the wizard could possibly be away when they occurred. Now, without sea voyages, I need never worry about the wizard being off the island. However, I still want to find a way of adding some form of explorational quest for the kind wizard to do in order to recover artifacts and especially the six keys to power. I’m thinking of having some sort of ethereal plane where the wizard must go and have adventures. These adventures might then result in an artifact appearing in a secret cave for the grabit to retrieve for the wizard.

One of my main goals for the game is to have something which is infinitely replayable and which can go on forever. Due to the amount of randomness inherent in the game design, I’m not all that worried about having limited replay value. Objects and monsters can be located randomly and events can also happen randomly. Having things go on forever is a larger problem. Dave’s engine is designed for more linear games with different levels whereas I’m trying to have a game which all takes place in a single main level with occasional trips to bonus levels. At this point, it looks like I’ll be able to have something which goes on endlessly. Another thing I’ve had to do was determine exactly what each user variable was going to be for. During that process, I reconfigured the enchanted island to use up less variables and removed much of the resource management aspects I was originally going to have in the game. The overall focus has definitely shifted in the arcade action direction as it dawned on me how many variables I’d need to add the strategic elements I had in mind. My primary goal, after all, is to bring a kind of retro arcade action to blind people with an overarching long-term strategy element usually missing in those games. Despite the snags so far, I am still quite confident that I can ultimately deliver a game with real substance, good story, and replay value at the end of the day. A good part of this optimistic viewpoint is the number of times an aspect of what I was attempting to do seemed to be impossible at first. There have been many occasions where Dave has been positive something couldn’t easily be done only to later realise that it could be handled by his engine. He’s had to put in a lot of work modifying it in order for this to happen, and I appreciate that a great deal. One interesting stumbling block was that I wanted certain monsters in my game to be able to steal jewels and escape the cavern with them. At first, it didn’t look like there was a way to have them actually pick up jewels. The reasons for this are somewhat technical, and it kept him pondering for some time. Faced with possibly having to abandon this major aspect of my game, I had to come up with some kind of alternative. I had two possibilities in mind, but thankfully won’t have to lessen the game by using either of them. It turns out that it should be fairly easy to have monsters pick up jewels. Something still to be worked on, however, is having them be able to head for either the nearest edge of the play area or certain points on each edge. It doesn’t look like there’s a way to tell them to simply head for the nearest point on the nearest edge at this stage, so I’ll have to have paths for goblins to follow when they have jewels and happen to walk on them.

By the next quarter’s update, I am hopeful that the major hurdles to starting serious coding of the game will have been dealt with. Having the engine has helped me gain a far better understanding of what is and isn’t possible. When my original ideas haven’t been possible, Dave has been quite good at either modifying the engine to make them possible or suggesting alternatives to consider which would be more within the engine’s capabilities.

Over the summer, I’ll be mainly focussed on the voice acting scripts and story of the game as well as trying to test out and code basic game elements. I likely won’t have it all done any time soon, but would like to start recording the local talent I’m using during the Fall season. It’ll also let me have a better idea of how many other people I’ll have to find to do voices. I haven’t yet sorted out just how far I want to take things in terms of the number of different roles in the game. Obviously, I’ll need voices for the wizard, archfiend, elves, dwarves, city folk, and other inhabitants of the island. There will also be a number of evil villains for the wizard to contend with. Narrating events in the game which may not otherwise be detectable will be Adam Taylor. Those who have always wondered what the actual immortal gamer sounds like… may not get to find out since he’ll likely be using a more powerful narration voice. I’ll also be starring as at least one of the villains I’ve come up with. Ron Schammerhorn will also be doing some voice acting in the game. Some may have heard his talent in other games like Monkey Business.

Sound effects are also proving to be a bit of a challenge. I’ve obtained a sound effects kit from:
www.sound-ideas.com
a good place for any game developer to check out if they can afford to spend money on sound. The way I saw it, I couldn’t really afford not to. It was either that or risk getting sued by somebody for using their sound. I still have to edit and often merge sound effects to get what I’m after, and I’m slowly getting better at doing that. Game design is something else again. I’ve been taking in a whole lot of very handy tips and information from another fantastic resource for game developers:
www.gamasutra.com
I’m eagerly awaiting their next audio guide for producing sound for games. Their previous one was quite a good read. They also have articles and other material from game designers which can be quite useful on the larger scale of things. I’ve had a clear idea of the game I’ve been trying to create since my initial stumbling onto its overall concepts. However, it’s always good to see what others who have succeeded professionally have to say about designing games. I’m trying not to take anything for granted including my ability to think of all possible angles while designing my game.

+++
Adaptive techniques in difficulty management:
Do they hold a prominent position in the future of computer gaming?
by Robison Bryan

Part 1.

I will share with you my thoughts on the subject and let you decide for yourself.  Implementing these concepts could afford your games an almost human intelligence toward providing the best gaming experience for all concerned, for as long as possible each time they play, and for as many replay times as possible.  While I will try to be general about these ideas, I may use some language you consider to be a bit technical.  I'll also try to explain my terms in simple language, and you can also probably get most of it from context.  So if one thing seems odd, keep going and it should become clear.  And one last note: I am not an expert.  This is intended to be a theoretical piece, and reducing such to actual practice by necessity follows, rather than precedes such theoretical work.  With that said, here goes:

What is your game's replay value?  Does it give certain people an unfair advantage?  You can control the answers to both of these questions by using adaptive techniques.  The two basic questions are answered by two basic techniques that use some of the same methods within them.  This article will deal with them in a purely theoretical sense, allowing you to utilize them in any language, whether C++, VB or PEAL (Plain English Adventure Language).

+ Equalizer An equalizer is a method of anticipating and or detecting any unfair advantages the player might have, and adjusting the difficulty accordingly.  The most basic equalizer is a "set and forget" system, which is like saying you wind it up and let it run, instead of constantly taking measurements and adjusting it.  (Geeks like me would call this an open loop system).  The advantage of it is that although it compensates for certain prevailing conditions it allows the player to progress and reap the rewards of getting better without being penalized for ability.

+ AutoLevel An autolevel is a system that reacts to its own output.  (Geeks like me would call this a closed loop, or servo system).  A perfect example of this is the automatic recording level (compressor) that many older tape recorders have.  You can hear the results of this during commercials on TV.  It keeps adjusting the volume so that the output constantly stays at the maximum allowable (yet annoying) sound pressure level.  The use of an autolevel in gaming can keep a player constantly challenged, but can also give them the feeling that they'll do just as well if they try hard or slack off.

+ The Best of Both Worlds.
By combining these two general methods together, you can get results that are much more fun than either method alone.  This becomes possible when you consider that difficulty in a game is not one dimensional.  You can have many kinds of settings in a game.  Just as you can have north or south, east or west and up or down, you can also have things like hot or cold, wet or dry, fast or slow and so on.  Each of these dimensions of possibility is called a parameter.  Your stereo has three parameters called volume, treble and bass.  In your game, you can set up and use a great number of parameters to control difficulty.  Certain parameters can be treated with an equalizer and other parameters can be treated with an autolevel.  You can even export the amount that your autolevel had to adjust things into another parameter so as not to lose the significance of the parameter that you squeezed with the autolevel.

Here's an example of an autolevel that still manages to salvage something extra out of the fact that the player is really good:.

+ The earliest, simple yet effective adaptive technique: increase the speed.
Suppose your game is a first person shooter.  You can have the game adapt to the player's ability by making the enemies keep getting faster and more powerful.  But the player might say what is the point in trying when the game just compensates?  The answer is in the fact that the more powerful the enemy, the more points you get for shooting him down.  That way no matter how good or bad he is, the player stays on the edge of his seat in order to just stay in the game.  But his extra capability is rewarded by the number of points he racks up against the enemy ships, and perhaps by the ability to stay in the game for a longer total time each time he plays.  This is the most simple method of adaptive difficulty control, and was present in early games like Asteroids.  The enemy ships just kept getting faster, but the best players were able to stay in the game long enough to rack up the most points.  Even this simple approach has lots of replay value, because the player can stay in the game at first and eventually is so challenged that he falls out of the game.  Those are the advantages.  But the method also has some limitations.

+ Dead heroes don't solve puzzles.
Suppose you want to influence future text role play by the outcome of a fast paced battle scene?  Then it is not very convenient to guarantee that your player will die in battle either sooner or later, depending upon his ability.  Tron would never get to hack the operating system if he got killed on the game grid.  In the movie he actually ran away through a crack in the wall.  But if your player's text adventure character is someone else other than his battle character that might work out anyway.  An example of this would be if in the story the player were controlling a fighter robot by remote control.  Two more examples would be Angels fighting demons overhead on behalf of the praying player, or else a general dispatching troops who can win or lose the battle by various quantities of casualties.  The above technique is not the only way that a game could adapt to the player's ability.  This method also adapts in only one way, that of speed.  Thus the person with the fastest reflexes will more often win.  Also it gives an unfair advantage to the player who can visually see the enemy.  Furthermore, since the player temporarily becomes someone else for the duration of the lethal battle, you could not really call it a first person shooter in the truest sense of the term.

+ Better adaptive techniques needed.
It can be seen from this that to successfully mix first person action with an ongoing puzzle, text adventure and or mystery saga, what is needed is more detail, more intelligent control over the difficulty level, without sacrificing the rewards obtained by playing well.  The player must get a sense of reward that is proportional to his progress in how well he plays.  I had at the beginning of this paper talked about two basic techniques, the equalizer and the autolevel.  The space invaders approach is almost entirely an autolevel.  The game reacts to how long the player stays alive by compensating with faster enemies.  Only the number of enemies shot down preserves for the player the benefit of how well he plays.  The simplicity of this approach also can allow certain players to leverage their own advantages, fair or otherwise.

+ The simple equalizer in action An equalizer can be used to compensate for a certain specific known advantage.  For instance, what if you wanted to write a game that the sighted and the visually impaired would find equally challenging.  To provide the stimulation of all senses available without allowing the presence of certain senses to yield an unfair advantage requires an intelligent method that does not give the visually impaired player an easy way out or the baby treatment, either.  The simplest way to do that is to honestly evaluate what areas the sense of sight yields an inappropriate advantage.  In other words, which of the game's parameters are influenced by the presence of that sense.  Then to the appropriate degree, adjust those parameters to compensate.  The result is that if the sighted player were to turn off the visual display and he would rack up the same number of points, or gain the same measure of success, whatever the challenge is.  This is a simple "set and forget" concept.
The steps are simple.

1.  Determine whether the sense of sight is being used.
2.  Have a preconceived notion about which game parameters are affected, and how much, by this sense.
3.  Adjust the difficulty settings along those parameters in the opposite direction by that said amount, before any playing has even occurred.
Thus the outcome will be similar whether or not the sense is used.

But this is not the only possible source of excessive advantage.

+ Compensating for various kinds of individual strengths and weaknesses As previously mentioned, a player might have lightning fast reaction time.  If the only way to influence certain adventure details is by means of how well he does in battle, the more normally paced players may never get to the place where their analytical skills would pay off for a more consistent challenge all around.  Likewise if the lightning fast player is not a Sherlock Holmes by any stretch of the imagination he may never get to the battlefield where he could show his stuff.  Rather than insisting that the player be good at everything in order to really enjoy any of it, it would be helpful to allow the player to progress using what he has more or less successfully, by the outcome of his labours in any endeavour (whether on the battlefield or on the beat as a detective)
would yield quantifiable rewards that can be leveraged to his benefit when he is challenged in his particular area of weakness.  For those players that are not very good at any of it yet, there can be different general difficulty levels that can be selected from the menu, such as bantam weight, lightweight and heavyweight.  Any scores would be within that particular difficulty group or weight class and would be understood to apply to such.  But getting back to the adaptive aspect, within each difficulty class, the different parameters of a person's ability should be compensated so that he can stay in the game and get a sense of his own improvement overall.

+ A new fly in the ointment Before proceeding to describe how to compensate for many parameters at once, there is another aspect that should be considered, as it will have to be dealt with at the same time.  The new consideration is the answer to the first question at the top of this paper.  What is your game's replay value?  This is best answered by making the very structure of the game different every time it is played.  This can be accomplished by allowing random numbers to dictate the generation of maps, of locations, of tools, of monsters or any combination thereof, as well as all of the properties of such items.  I recognize that it is a good thing also to save a game that is in progress and continue playing it later, much as one would put down a great novel and continue reading it later.  I will ignore the mechanics of doing so and consider such to be merely a continuation of the same playing of the game.

+ Let the numbers decide In order to accomplish this versatility, as well as to adaptively control difficulty, everything in the game must be controlled by variables.  Rather than having a monster always living at a certain precise location, and behaving in exactly the same way each time you encounter him, it would be better to assign details according to variables that are modified by rules of logic that depend upon arbitrary numbers, and then seed them with random values.  If there is no way around certain preset values, then have a table of all such possible preset values that you can assign, like a spread sheet.  Then have a variable index each dimension of the array and the result that gets grabbed from the box at that address will decide how to make the world you are setting up.  In this way you can create a number of monsters, enemies, towns and even situations the player may encounter.  You can specify their personalities and write in plenty of detail about them as text.  Thus the descriptions can be quite vivid, complete with behavioural tendencies and detailed kinds of capabilities to match, while at the same time never being expected by the player.  The unpredictability can also be enhanced by mixing and matching whenever possible, assigning certain attributes randomly from each list, complete with detailed descriptions of just that attribute.  A different random number would select a different detail from each list.

+ An example of replay variety that points to difficulty management For example, your monster might be randomly issued a weapon from a list of twenty possible weapons.  There is detailed description of what the weapon looks like, what the damage it does looks like, and there could even be wave files associated with the firing of it.  Furthermore, the weapon could have rules associated with what it can and cannot harm, as well as what kinds of defence are effective against it.  Additionally, any time numbers are used in the weapon's details there is an opportunity to modify them by random and or adaptive means.  The random means can help to make each monster truly unique.  The adaptive means brings us full circle back to the topic at hand.  Every number involved in the details of a monster can have an effect upon how difficult he is for the player to deal with.  For every monster, each of those numbers can have an allowable range, which is how far the number can be stretched in either direction.  This allows the monster to retain his personality.  It is also possible to specify that for a given monster if one of his numbers gets stretched in one direction, a different one of his numbers will be stretched in the same or opposite direction, whatever will allow him to be modified in difficulty while maintaining his unique personality.

+ Parameters of Monster Challenge After a number of potential monsters have been created, they can be classified according to type and difficulty, by prediction and or testing.  Their unique qualities will present varying challenges to various players.  Player 1 may have more trouble with Monster A rather than Monster B.  Player 2 may have the exact opposite experience.  He may find that Monster B is more difficult than Monster A.  All things being equal, why did one player have more trouble with one Monster while the other player had more trouble with the other monster.  Each player thinks that his favourite monster is simply tougher.  What accounts for this difference?  The difference is that the monsters are not the only ones that have different parameters and aspects.  The players are also unique monsters in their own rights!  Each player is stronger according to certain parameters and weaker according to other parameters.  It is as if the aspects of each human player were also randomly selected from a table, complete with detailed descriptions and number ranges.  This may be LOL hilarious but it is also true.  Each person is not only uniquely responsive to various monsters, but also to various other kinds of challenges or partial aspects of challenges.

Having carefully set the stage in Part 1, I will share in Part 2 my own proposed integrated approach to accomplishing near infinite replay value and adaptive difficulty management within a multi-mode game.

+++
Free Game Winner

Sean Randall wins the free game for this quarter for his reviews and efforts on behalf of blind gamers. He also participated in many discussions on the Blindgamers list. This time around, BSC Games has sponsored the free game. Congratulations, Sean. Don’t forget to contact BSC Games to claim your prise.


+++
News From BSC Games:

The Future of BSC Games

Greetings Gamers!

For those of you reading this who may not know me, my name is Justin Daubenmire and I own www.BscGames.com. I am an accessible game developer and I love making games for the blind! With that said, a lot of change is going on at BSC Games so I wanted to share with you some of these changes. Recently, after joining the blind gamers list, I have found out that gamers want more genres of games from developers. I'm certainly well known for arcade action games -- producing titles like Troopanum, Hunter, Pipe, and some educational games. After hearing the desires of the community on the BG list, I have decided to refocus my company and the types of games I produce.

In the future, BSC Games will be creating various styles of games. Ranging from first person shooters, to strategy style games, to simulation style games, to mention a few. However, I still have plans to put out an occasional arcade or educational style game since many enjoy them.

With producing larger style games, like first person shooters or strategy games, this has also encouraged me to redesign our game engine. These styles of games need richer content across the board including 3d sound and 3d movement. So, Igor and myself will be redesigning our 2d game engine to be a 3d sound/movement game engine. We have already started with this and it is progressing nicely. For those programmers interested in what we are coding the engine in, the engine will be written in c++, c#.net to be specific, and should yield some good code execution. Hopefully. *smile*

Some, but not all, future titles from BSC Games will have 3d sound/3d movement in them if we feel it is appropriate. Some games we may just produce using our 2d engine. It just depends on if the project really requires the rich 3d sound or not. I.E if we do an accessible Dig Dug arcade style game, for example, I don't think that would merit 3d sound but an accessible jet fighting simulation game certainly would.

In our new 3d game engine, we are hoping to put the ability in to use DirectPlay, the networking component in DirectX that lets you multi-play with other gamers online. You know folks, I'd love to develop accessible games full-time but it just wouldn't feed my family and get me a case of diet Pepsi once every 1.5 weeks. LOL But seriously, Igor and myself both work full-time and have families to raise, time is a resource that is limited to us as is for most accessible developers. However, I have a goal that really would require a lot of time -- being the first company to bring in multi-playing to the BG community. Let me rephrase that, specifically a multi-player first person shooter using DirectX and DirectPlay technology. To be honest though, if it is not me, that is ok, but it is a goal I am after. It currently is a dream, due to time limitations, but lets hope it could be a reality for the future.

So what games are in the making over at BSC Games? Well, me/Igor are working on our first 3d sound game called Operation Blackout. It actually will be an arcade sort of game with 3d sound. We are hoping it will not be the true sense of an arcade game and will bring some further content to the table. Operation blackout is giving us the ability to transition our current game engine into 3d sound but not 3d movement. We do have a game starting production in the near future called the void that will have both 3d sound and 3d movement in it.

So what is Operation Blackout all about? Jump in your apache helicopter and fire it up. Take off and communicate with your base as you attempt to narrow in on the coordinates of one of your recently overtaken military bases. If you are lucky enough to avoid all the enemy fire by using your radar and weapons, actually locating and landing at the overtaken base, your mission has just begun! You are in a special operations unit and have been chosen to fulfill this operation yourself. `Simply put, find the terrorists, eliminate them, snag your homeboys, and blackout the terrorist operation. Thus, operation blackout. Operation Blackout will have lots of 3d sound and fighting and other bells and whistles in there so stay tuned. I'll post more info about it as me/Igor get further with it. Customers who do not have surround sound speakers will still be able to play the game.



Another game I have in the making is called the void. It is not being coded yet at all. I am developing the story line with a game storywriter that I have contracted with. It is going to be the largest game I've ever done. The blind gamers list has been packed full of posts about the void. Initial brainstorming for the game was opened up to the community. Many on the list offered great suggestions for the game. It was a really fun time for everyone involved. A developer listening to consumer input. Wow! It was awesome folks! Thank you for all the awesome input you folks offered. I'm taking a lot of it to the table and will get some of the content in the void you are wanting. Such a wealth of talent out there man. It's exciting! 

For those reading this for the first time, as explained on the list, I wasn't taking exact suggestions for the game but was looking for concepts to extract from the suggestions to put into the void. I want to get some of the content all of you are wanting in a game into the void. I.E if a person suggested that you pick tulips and eat them to survive, I looked at the concept of eating and would use the concept of eating in the game. Not saying eating will be in the void, this was just an example of how I am using the suggestions people offered. No one really suggested eating tulips LOL, I'm just letting you better see where I am coming from when I say I primarily extracted concepts from suggestions. The void will be a 3d sound and 3d movement first person shooter that promises to bring a lot to the table. I personally feel it will set a record for BSC Games as being the best title I've done yet. I posted a description about it to the BG list so here it is again…

It's a first person shooter that will be packed with advanced sound imagery. You'll find yourself and your ship docked at the last remaining human starbase that hasn't been completely overtaken by The mysterious and deadly alien race called the Void.

The starbase, at one time, was a marine outpost that was in charge of monitoring interstellar travel among the outer worlds. You'll immerse yourself in several back-to-back missions using modern next-gem weaponry and systems to try to seek and rescue the remaining marines and return them safely to your home world of alpha12. 


And more in the news at BSC Games… another game? Another game in the making? Yuppers. Well, for those troop fans; troopanum v 2.0 is in the making! Daniel Zingaro is on break from university and has contacted me about doing v2.0 of troop. I toss him some ideas, he comes up with some, and off he goes coding it. It promises to bring a lot of fresh content to the game and we think you all will like it. There is no projected release date for it at all but it will have some really cool additions to it so stay tuned for this upcoming release. As we get further with it, I'll post some information about it. I'll be releasing Operation Blackout, then Troopanum v2.0, and then work will actually begin on the void! As always, I'd like to say thank you to all of you for your faithful support. I appreciate it!

Best wishes
Justin Daubenmire
www.BscGames.com




+++
News From ESP Softworks:

Dear Customers,

Please note that it's been decided that the ESP Softworks Co. website
shall remain open until the release of both ESP Raceway and ESP Pinball
2.  Demos of both games will be available for a limited time thereafter.
For those who weren't able to place orders yet, you may still do so
while the website is available.

We appreciate the comments, suggestions, and well-wishes that have been
extended in the past month and will miss greatly the opportunity to
serve the accessible games market once the current development queue has
been completed.

To show our appreciation, we will be releasing a final freebie for your
download (to be announced).

In other news, the ESP Pinball 2 beta testing program will be announced
shortly and the ESP Raceway beta team will be opened up once again for
applicants.  More news about this soon.

Release dates are currently still speculative at best.  Everyone will be
notified when the releases are about to occur as well as when playable
demos are available.

Best wishes,

James R. North, President
ESP Softworks Co.




+++
News From GMA Games

We have just released a generally available demo of our upcoming GMA Tank
Commander. Try it out and let us know what you think. It is a beta, but we
are still making changes based on the suggestions we receive. We hope to
release the full version before the next issue of Audyssey.

GMA Tank Commander puts you in the seat of a modern day tank. You have two
types of shells, two types of missiles, and an armour-piercing machine gun to help you complete your missions. The game uses surround sound to create
the realistic environment of a battle command. This may be the best
accessible game of 2003!

A new version of Trek 2000 has just been released. This brings us up to
version 5.1. Although Trek 2000 is the oldest game in our fleet, this new
version includes many changes that should renew or surpass the excitement
created during its initial release. The Major changes include much smarter
enemies and the ability of your star bases to fight back.

You can find out more at:

http://www.GMAGames.com


+++
Update on Robison Bryan's Audio Adventure Game Engine
by Stan Bobbitt and Robison Bryan

Last fall, in the thirty-fifth issue of Audyssey magazine, I interviewed prolific programmer Robison Bryan concerning a concept for a self voicing adventure game engine that he had begun work on. This audio game engine is unique because of the simplicity of the language, its ease of use, and user friendly interface.  Robison set out from the very beginning to make this game development tool as easy to use and as accessible as possible, yet be able to create complex games.  He has also been very open to suggestions and advice from many members of the blindgamers list since day one.

In the short few months since its inception, the game engine has certainly come a long way.  Especially considering that Robison is only a one-man operation.
The beta version is now available and Robison has set up a discussion group for the beta testers.

-----------------------------------------

Following is a report from Robison on where the engine stands to gamers.

In our interview on Nov 25th, 2002, Stan Bobbitt asked me some great questions and reported the best answers I had at the time.  Since that time, numerous features and capabilities have been added to the Engine.  At the time of the interview, I had expressed certain limitations for the Engine.  After some hard work I have done away with a lot of those limitations.  To get the full scoop on all the cool new things in the Engine, please see my site:
http://InspiredCode.net/Adventure.htm

Here are the main limitations that no longer apply:

+ Powerful yet intuitive math added

I had said that the math would have to be simple.
Now, the math can be as elaborate as you like.
The Game Engine contains an extraordinarily talented Expression Evaluator that likes to eat up the craziest equations you may want to throw at it, and gives you just the answer that you would naturally expect.  It is very intuitive and easy to use.

+ "Advanced" type Programming Tools, yet still in plain English.

I had said that there was no advantage for the advanced programmer.  The thing that made those really hard programming languages so great to use was all the powerful features and capabilities.  Now those powerful abilities are available to you in plain English.

+ Background Sounds and random soundscapes

I had said that the best I could do for sounds was to give the ability to loop a longer wave sound.  Now you can create audio sequences made of midi and layered wave sounds, creating realistic, non repeating textures of sounds.

+ Shareware Authors can powerfully protect their work

I had said that the best I could do was to provide a check sum to verify authenticity.  Now the engine can protect your program code's secrecy.  You can encrypt your game files, and they will play just fine encrypted.  Unregistered users can play your game for five minutes at a time (or any other time period you specify) to try them out, but to keep playing for more than those minutes they have to register.
When they register they will send you their demo code and you can send them their permanent code for the game.

If you want to keep your games open source, however, you can still authenticate your work as well as letting people learn from you.

+ NEW: 3D Navigation and collision detection I couldn't resist adding something really important to the Engine.  As a result the public beta date was pushed forward just a little bit...  ok, a lot.

A powerful real time gaming mechanism has been added that you can use to allow the players to navigate with (keys like)
a joystick, encounter wandering monsters, have access to rooms if doors are open, bump into walls, fly over but not into buildings (except perhaps through a window) and have aerial dogfights like fighter jets or even play a good game of quiddich on broomstick.

That makes it possible to have an audio text adventure mystery game with some intense action scenes along the way, what I think is the best of both worlds.  (Of course, if all you want to do is the action you can do that too.)

You will find most of that stuff at the end of the language document, starting with "+++ Real Time RPG Motion".

The radar, compass, flight instruments and other noise makers are made of functions written in the language, so they can be modified and or replaced by the author.  That should also ease the transition to the DirectX version when it comes out.

The language supports several simple ways to set or change the player's (and other objects') position, orientation and movements, either in an absolute sense or in terms of the directionality experienced by the player however he may be facing.  It lets the player steer and move like a car or jet, and you can let the Engine worry about untwisting all the directions, and whether the movement finishes or gets stopped by bumping into something.

The first release will definitely be a beta version, since the program is already well over ten thousand lines of code and I am the only one working on it.

+ AdventureEngineBeta group

As the purpose of the Engine is to empower a new community of game programmers, each of you is just such an expert who can make a big difference by your testing and feedback.

Since there are so many people deserving and qualified to be in on the beta release, I have decided to release a public beta that won't expire for months.  I will appreciate all the help I can get in testing it under various conditions.  That way I can get this into your hands sometime this year!

The address of the BetaGroup is
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AdventureEngineBeta

+ What is the present status?

What it's come down to is loose ends.  I've just finished coding the main navigation and collision.  It turned out to be a huge mass of integrated code with major steps taken to optimize performance throughout.  That includes player movement, automated routes of wandering monsters, determination and detection of collision, monsters giving chase, players wandering into new locations when allowed by access or else collision (bouncing against walls) otherwise, collision angle (for accurate bounce sound panning), among other things.  Still to be coded are the hit-miss detection of weapons extension, radar, instruments, bounce and new location noises and other loose ends.

Once the last of the coding is done, I'll test each of the routines, run some simple game files to test certain aspects, and then post an alpha.

The alpha will not yet have the ability for the player to save paused games.  Once I have fixed all the things you folks find in the alpha, then I'll make up my master list of all the things I have to save to disc so the player can save and resume partially played games.  That approach will save a lot of time by my not having to keep rewriting the SaveGame routines.

+ What lies in the future?

Because of the user friendliness of the language, the time table for the wizard has been pushed rather far into the future.  The next major focus will be to create a body of tutorials, instructions and examples on the web that will enable anyone to almost instantly master this language.  But before that, we still need to finish beta testing this thing to life, going from the simplest commands and moving out to the most complex, making bug reports and posting updates as needed throughout.  In a manner of speaking, our beta testing forces have securely taken the beach and are now hacking our way into the jungle.

-----------------------------------------

Hi, Stan here again:
In closing, I would like to say that I am impressed with Robison's work so far.  I am a member of the beta test team, and I must say that I'm excited about this game engine!
I have done a bit of programming in the TADS language, which is similar to (C) and have even come up with a couple simple games, but the language for Robison's engine is so much easier to understand and work with that there is hardly any comparison.  In the words of another beta tester, "this language is straight easy, right out of the box!"
Check out the beta page at:

http://InspiredCode.net/BetaPage.htm

I can see that this is going to be a powerful game development tool, and will indeed be what Robison Bryan set out for it to be:

"A self voicing game engine that will enable any and every user to create their own good quality games; A programming language that is so straight forward that anyone could read down through a source file and understand how to modify it; A wizard that will converse with the user to create a new game within this easy to understand language"




+++
News from PCS Games

Hi Folks, In brief, this is a sneak preview of coming events, with several games in production but no fixed release date on any of them.
+ GMA Tank Commander Phil Vlasak is working on the sounds of GMA Tank Commander and sometimes goes to bed with explosions and the Ride of the Valkyries echoing through his head.
What is GMA Tank Commander, you may ask, This is an accessible Windows game, where you can blast Your enemy to Pieces!
In the world of armored warfare, a tank commander's split-second decisions can make the difference between life and death.
This exciting Tank Simulation is no different.  All the action happens in real time.  Unlike other strategy games, there are no turns - only furious, lifelike combat.  It's fast, fun and easy to start playing.  But it's so addictive, you won't be able to stop.
Full surround sound makes you feel like you're really sitting in a modern tank in the middle of the action.
So, put on your helmet, and battle to the death against the enemy.
For more information and to download the beta demo of this game go to GMA Games.
www.gmagames.com + We'll now give you a peak at the development of a new game.

Phil Hi Justin I created sort of a duck hunt game from your Bobby's Revenge by changing the sounds to have ducks flying by instead of Santa.
I had two ideas about it.
First, it could be developed like my Duck Hunt game so that when you hit the duck, it doesn't continue across but if you miss the duck it does.
You still won't aim the gun.  The duck flies over you and your gun shoots directly upwards from the center.
And you'll get one chance to hit the duck each time it passes over.
My second idea is that This could be a free game with credit to you and me.  We can give the game to schools and commissions for the blind so they can have something fun for their students to play.  And like TV shows, which you get free entertainment at a cost of watching or listening to the commercials.  The end credits would be a commercial for PCS and BSC games.

Justin Sure, that would be cool.  Before releasing it, did you want to let the duck fly off the screen if you miss it like you suggested?
Do you get 3 ducks to fly off the screen before the game ends?
Do you just keep earning points each duck you shoot in an attempt to rack up as many points as possible before 3 ducks fly off the screen?  Let me know what new features should be in the duck game and I can see if I have some time to fix the program.

Phil What should we call it?
Shades of Duck?
One flew over the Duck's nest?
All the President's Ducks?
Apocalypse Duck?
Lose Your Duck?
Duck Business?
Duckanum?
Puck A Duck?
Duck Talks?
Duck gone it?
Faster than a speeding Duck?
The Duck, Reloaded?

Justin How about, duck hunt?
hunt for duck?
duck splatter?
bullet of duck?

Phil Since I already have a DOS Duck Hunt game, I didn't want to use that name again.
Someone suggested Elaine's Revenge.

Justin No Kidding, I can guess who.

Phil Ya, she's trying it out but I think it's giving her a head ache.
I got it!
Why don't we ask Elaine?

Justin Geesh, that's a lot of pressure to put on one person.

Phil Ya, I guess so.
I've created wave files using the A T and T British Charles voice to do most of the talking in the intro and end.  I've also used it for the numbers and points.
When I put it all together, it all sounded great, except for some of the duck quacks, so I'll be changing a few of them to work better.

And by the way, I thought of the title, Quacker Blaster.
What do you think of it?

Justin LOL I love it!  quacker blaster it is!
BTW I think human voice overs for the score speaking sound a little more understandable but that is just my personal opinion.
This little game will be cool.  BTW were you able to beat the game with 55 ducks and the ducks being a little faster?

Phil No, my highest score was 40 ducks but I think there are those out there who have faster reflexes than I do so I would leave it like it is.
I do think we should warn those who didn't like Bobby's Revenge that this is another novelty game and nothing more.
I went through the comments on that release and think we should say that they may have fun for about thirty seconds.  In fact, it probably will take longer to download the game than the amount of time they'll get any enjoyment from it.
On the other hand, that doesn't mean it's not a good game if you just want to blow a few minutes while you're waiting on something or just have nothing better to do.  Or you just want to procrastinate but can't afford to do that for too long.
It wont cost you anything but time to download, and it won't be as detailed as games you pay 30 to 40 dollars for.
So for those who didn't like Bobby's Revenge, keep in mind that this will be a "Simple two key game that might keep you entertain for ten minutes."

Justin Hey Phil.  Sounds good.  Give me a while to work on the source code and get your sounds downloaded and then I'll get back with ya so we can put it live on both our sites.
It'll be a BSC/PCS games combined effort game.  Will be cool.  I'll send along a beta copy of the duck game file soon as I get it ready to go.

Phil Great, I knew you could do it!
What would you like the game to say in the opening title and end credits?

Justin How about, "Quacker Blaster, a BSC Games and PCS Games production.
Copyright 2003 Justin Daubenmire and Phil Vlasak"
And at the exit, after the duck flies past or whatever, do a voice over with "Thanks for playing Quacker Blaster.  and visit our companies web sites.
It doesn't matter whose company or name is listed first.

Phil OK, I think I may have someone who can do the human voice over, but I need to talk to them.

Justin Thanks Phil!
I think the human intro and exit will make it hyper-nifty!
But it may be *a long time* till I get quacker blaster finished up since I am working on 2 games with Igor.  I'm concerned that people will want the game way too quick, and I'm totally pinched for time.
I.E.  doing 2 games with Igor and having to code a game for the hunter winner.
Quacker blaster will certainly get done, just depends on when I get that break to finish it up.  Could be a week, a month, or several months.
People need to know that up front.  smile

Phil:
Cool,and I may have the start of a game promo, Quacker Blaster Look, if you had one shot, one opportunity, To blast every duck you ever wanted, Would you download it or just let it slip?

His palms are sweaty, knees weak, arms are heavy, There's mosquitoes on his sweater already, his guns steady He's nervous, but on the surface he looks calm and ready.

and by the way, no Ducks were